Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Diagrams a: Entry into the cell cycle is typically induced in response to mitogenic signals that activate signalling pathways such as the RAS pathway. These pathways eventually impinge on transcriptions factors such as MYC, AP-1 or β-catenin and lead to induction of a number of cell cycle proteins including D-type cyclins. The tumour suppressor protein p53 is a sequence‐specific DNA‐binding protein, that is able to induce either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis at the cell cycle checkpoints. The p53 tumour suppressor gene was first discovered in SV40 transformed cells by the finding that its protein product p53 was tightly bound to the SV40 large T oncogene
A cell cycle regulatory protein, p16, is a surrogate marker for HPV infection that reflects the activation of E6- or E7-driven carcinogenesis through degradation of p53 and dysregulation of Rb. A positive result on p16 immunohistochemistry is defined as strong and diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining (known as block staining). Dysregulation of the cell cycle and genetic alterations in cell-cycle regulatory proteins lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation in many solid cancer types, including BC [13,14], which is a frontier in biomedical research for designing synthetic inhibitors of CDKs as anticancer drugs . In this review, we focus on the roles of CDKs in cell
Cell cycle proteins as promising targets in cancer therapy Biology Diagrams
Many cell cycle proteins are overexpressed or overactive in human cancers, in particular, D-type and E-type cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4, CDK6 and CDK2), Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled tumour cell proliferation resulting from aberrant activity of various cell cycle proteins. Therefore, cell cycle regulators are considered attractive targets in cancer therapy. Intriguingly, animal models demonstrate that some of these proteins are not essenti …
10.3C: Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle Biology Diagrams
The E2F-dependent transcriptional network includes many genes that encode key proteins in cell cycle and DNA replication control but also genome protection mechanisms and growth. E2F-dependent
Cell-cycle proteins are the proteins involved in regulation and maintenance of the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells. These include kinases and cyclins that regulate movement between the three phases
Cell cycle proteins as promising targets in cancer therapy Biology Diagrams
Key Regulatory Proteins. Cell cycle progression is controlled by regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches, responding to internal and external signals to either promote or halt division. Among the most significant regulators are cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and cell cycle inhibitors. Cyclins
